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Home > Orchids of Kerala > Eulophia EulophiaEulophia Robert Brown ex Lindley An Old World gensu of about 200 species of ground orchids(with a few saprophytic and rarely epiphytic members), Eulophia is represented in India by 26 species . Seven species are found in kerala . Eulophia emilianae Saldanha, originally described from Karnataka and later recorded from kerala is proved to be Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f. ) J. J. Sm., a widespred species across Indo-Malesia . Eulophia hirsuta Joseph & Vajravelu (1975 (1978)), described from Karasuryamalai was transferred to Pachystoma by us earlier (Sathish Kumar 7 Manilal, 1987). 1. Eulophia cullenii (Wight) Bl. , Orch. Arch. Ind. 182. 1858; Fischer in Gamble1928: 1435; Rathakrishnan 1971: 3; Abraham & Vatsala 1981: 298 ; Mohanan et al. 1982 : 235. Cyrtopera cullenii Wight , Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 5 (1) : 21. t. 1754. 1851 . Originally described by Wight based on General Cullen's collection from Travancore. It was transferred to Eulophia by Blume . Fischer's combination is thus superfluous . This species is closely related to Eulophia flava (Lindl.) J.D. Hook . but different in having a differently shaped lip , globose pollinia and a differently shaped lip , globose pollinia and a differently shaped viscidium . Occurrence : Trivandrum and Quilon Districts. Distribution : Regional Endemic (Kerala , Tamil Nadu). 2. Eulophia epidendraea (koen.) Scheltr., Die Orchideen 146. 1915(' epidendroides'); Jauaweera in Dasnayake & Fosberg 1981: 168; Abraham & Vatsala 1981: 294 ; Joseph 1982 : 25 : Seidenfaden in Matthew 1983 : 1695; Joseph 1987: 28. Serapias epidendraea Koen . in Retz., Obs. Bot. 6: 65. 1791. Limodorum virens Roxb, Pl. Corom .T. 38. 1795. Eulophia virens (Roxb.) R Br. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 7 : sub t. 573 . 1821; Wight 1844-45: t. 913 ; J.D. Hook . 1890 : 1. Originally described by Koenig based on collections from Tranquebar (Tarangambadi) in Tamil Nadu. This was transferree to Eulophia by Schlechter. This is nearly allied to Eulophia gramine Lindl. but Schlechter . This is nearly allied to Eulophia graminea Lindl. but larger in all respects. Rheede's plate (Hort.Malab. 12: t. 26. 1703) represents this species . Occurrence :Trivandrum , Quilon , Wayanad Districts. Distribution : Peninsular India (Maharashtra , Kerala , Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka .
Described by Lindley based on a Wallich collection from Singapore . Closely related to the former species but smaller in all its parts . Occurrence : Malappuram and Palghat Districts. Distribution : Throughout Indo-Malesia . 4. Eulophia pratensis Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3 : 25 . 1858; J.D.Hook . 1858: 4 ; Fischer in Gamble 1928: 14345; Seidenfaden in Matthew 1999: 1252. Eulophia ramentacea auct. non Lindl. : wight 1851: 8 .t. 1666; Santapau & Kapadia 1966 : 113. Wight described Eulophia ramentacea based on a collection from Pulneys. This was later homonym of that of Lindl. (1833) and hence illegitimate . Lindly proposed his Eulophia pratensis based on Stock's collection from Deccan . Occurrence : Idukki District. Distribution : Regional Endemic (Tamil Nadu (type) and kerala). 5. Eulophia pulchra (Thouars ) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 182. 1833; Seidenfaden in Matthew 1983" 1607; Joseph 1987: 24. Limodorum pulchrum Thouars , Orch. Iles . Austr. Afr. Pls. 43, 47. 1822. Eulophia macrostachya Lindl. , Gen. sp.Orch. 183. 1833; Wight 1851: 8 .t. 1667-68 ; J.D. Hook. 1890 : 4; Fischer in Gamble 1928: 1435; Abraham & Vatsala 1981: 298 ; Joseph 1982: 23. Originally described by Thouars based on a collection from Reunion in Mascarene Islands. Occurrence : Quilon and Idukki Districts. Distribution : Widespread from Madagascar to the Pacific .
Wolffia spectabilis Dennst., Schlussel Hort. Malab. 11, 25, 38. 1818. Eulophia nuda Lindl. , Gen. Sp. Orch. 180. 1833 ; J. D. Hook . 1890: 5 ; Fischer in Gamble 1928 : 1435; Santapau & Kapadia 1966 : 115 ; Jayaweera in Dassanayake & Fosberg 1981 : 175 ; Abraham & Vatsala 1981 : 300 ; Joseph 1982 : 23 : Seidenfaden 1983 : 40 ;Joseph 1987: 28. Cyrtopera fusca Wight , Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 5 (1): 11.t. 1690. 1851. A highly variable species with a series of colour forms from red , purple , yellow to green and white . Occrrence : Trivandrum ,Thrissur , Palghat, Calicut,Wayanad and Kannur Districts. Distribution : Throughout Indo-Malesia.
Cyrtopera zollingeri Rchb.f. in Bonplandia 5: 38. 1857. C. sanguinea Lindl., J. Linn. Soc. , Bot. 3: 32 . 1858 . Eulophia sanguinea (Lindl.) J.D.Hook ., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 8. 1890. Eulophia emilianae Saldanha in Ind. For. 100: 566.t. 1. 1974; Saldanha in Saldanha & Nicolson 1976: 830 . syn . nov. Type : Karnataka , Hassan District , Shiradi Ghat Saldanha 16923 St,.Joseph's College ,Bangalore . Saldanha's Eulophia emilianae is in no way different from the prior Eulophia zollingeri , already recorded from Northern India and Sri Lanka . Study of the type
Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.)J.J.Sm a. habit, b. floral bract, c. dorsal sepal, d. lateral seal, e. petal, f. lip, g. pollinia. specimen and new collections from Palghat District prove that it is one and the same . Hence , it is synonymized under Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J. Sm.(See fig. 12 & Pl. VIII b). Occurrence : Trivandrum , Palghat Districts. Distribution : Widespread across Indo-Malesia to Australia . |
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