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Temples of Kerala

 
 

Introduction

 

The temples in kerala have a peculiar pattern both in architectural atyle and in rituals. The architectural style in kerala is slightly different from those in other states of South India and fundamentally it can be classfied as Dravida-kerala, i.e, a regional style of dravida-tradition which has been influenced by geographical factors, availability of laterite informations, and zbove all climatic conditions. The rites in temples of kerala are mostly based on thaantric mode as against the predominance of vedic system elsewhere

Among Hindus in India the temple has different names at different places such as Ambalam, Devaalaya, Devagara, Deva Grha, Devakula, Devasthhaanam, Devayathana, Kaavu, Kovil, Mandiram, Vihaar etc. however the generally accepted name is Kshethra taken from Sanskrit which means a sacred spot or place of pilgrimage. Irrespective of name, the temple is undoubtedly a place for mental solace besides being a place of worship. Further for an ordinary Hindu, it is the threshold to bhakthi, which leads to moksha or final liberation.

  kerala-temple-photos  
 
vaikom-mahadeva-temple
thuravoor-mahashethram
 
 

An Introduction to Kerala Temples

 
  Religious Background  
  Scriptures || Evolution of mode of Worship || Ancient Temple Architecture || Antiquity and Administration of Temples || Classification of Temples || Thaanthric System and Literature  
       
 

The Temple Site

 
  Temple Worship  
  Yajamaana and Aachaarya || Selection of Temple Site || Bhoo Parigraha || Purification Rite (Karshana) || Marking of directions, Square and Rectangle || Vaasthu Mandala and Vaasthu Purusha  
       
 

The Temple Complex

 
  Praakaaras || Akatthe Balivattam || Sreekovil or Vimaana || Ground Plan || Elevational Plan || Adhishthaana and Upa Peetha || Garbha Grha || Sopaana || Vedi or Vedika || Pillars and Columns || Wall or Bhitthi || Pranaala and Ambumaargga || Roof || Anthar Mandala || Namaskara Mandapa || Well, Kokkarani and Tank || Anthahaara or Chuttambalam or Naalambalam || Valiambalam || Mulayara and Thitappalli || Secret Chambers || Madhyahaara or Vilakkumaatam || Baahyahaara or Puratthe Balivattam or Sivelippura || Agramandapa || Principal Bali Peetha or Valiya Balikkal || Outer Bali Peethas and Kshethrapaala || Dhwaja sthambha || Shrines of minor deities || Kootthambalam || Maryaada || Gopura || Oottupura || Other Uses || Concepts associated with the temple  
       
 

Vigraha

 
  Background || Deities Past and Present || Types of Vigrahas || Stone Images || Metal Images || Wooden Images || Katu Sarkkara Images || Stucco Images || Mud Images || Measurements of Vigraha - General Principles || Total height of Vigraha || Sculpturing of Vigrahas || Characteristics of Vigrahas || Lord Ganapathi || Lord Siva || Maha Vishnu and His Incarnations || Lord Sankaranarayana || Sakthi Worship || Lord Subramanya || Lord Saastha and Ayyappa || Naaga Worship || Other Deities || Navagraha  
       
 

Temple Rites

 
  Background || Purificatory Rituals of Priests || Role of Daivajna (astrologer) and Deva Prasna || Rituals in Temples  
  Rites Relating to Temple Site  
  Prathishtha Point || Vaasthu Bali  
  Rites During Building of a Temple  
  Shadaadhaara Prathishtha || Ishtaka Nyaasa and Garbha Nyaasa || Garbha Nyaasa or Valiya Balikkall || Sila Parigraha ||  
  Rites Relating to Prathishtha  
  Muhoorttham || Prathishtha rites || Aachaarya Varanam || Mulayital or Ankuraaropanam || Dhwaja Sthhaapana || Bimba parigraha || Nethrollekhana || Bimba Sodhana || Akshatha homa || kauthuka bandhana || Jalaadhivaasa || Sthhala suddhi || Mandapa samskaara || Bimba suddhi kalasa pooja or Kumbesa pooja || Praasaada suddhi || Agni janana || Sayya pooja || Nidra kalasa pooja || Vidyeswara Kalasa pooja || Upahaara daana || Ashtamangala || Dwaara thorana kalasa pooja || Snana peetha or Bhadra peetha pooja || Bimba sodhana and Bimba suddhi || Nethronmeelanam || Bimba suddhi kalasaabhisheka and alankara pooja || Sayya sayanam || Dhyaanaadhivaasa || Jalaadhivaasa of peetha and napumsaka sila || Prathistha homa || Sirasthathwa homa || Adhivaasa homa || Saanthi homa || Godohana || Praasaada prathishtha || Kalasaabhisheka at adhivaasa || Napumsaka sila prathishtha || Peetha prathishtha || Nava sakthi homa or pari homa || Bimba from sayya to garbha grha || Paraavaahana and avasthaavaahana || Praana prathishtha || Niyamam nischayikkal || Deepasthhaapana and closing of sreekovil || Natakkal pooja || Parivaara and upa deva prathishthas || Maathru and Nirmalyadhaari prathishthas || Samskaara or valiya balikkal || Peetha prathishtha of valiya balikall || Dhwaja Prathishtha || Thathwa homa and kalasas || Dravya kalasa pooja || Kalasaadhivaasam || Nata thurakkal or opening of Sreekovil || Kalasa pooja and Usha pooja || Kalasaabhisheka, uccha pooja and avasraava prokshnam || Vaisya homa || Sree bhootha bali || Concept of uthsava  
  Normal Rites  
  Nithya nidaanam (daily rites) || Pooja timings || Palliunarthal || Nirmaalya darsana || Abhisheka || Nivedya || Usha pooja || Ethrtthu pooja || Pantheerati pooja || Navakam || Uccha pooja || Thirinja pantheerati pooja || Atthazha pooja || Maasa viseshams (monthly rites) || Ekaadasi and Dwaadasi || Pradosham || Chathurthi || Shashthi || Ashtami || Pouranami || Asterisks || Aatta visheshams (Annual festivals) || Uthsava || Vinaayaka Chathurtthi || Sree Krishna Jayanthi || Navaraathri || Thrikaartthika || Aayilyam || Ashtami in Siva Temple, Vaikom || Thiruvaathira || Mandala pooja and Makara vilakk festival || Thai pooyam || Maha Sivaraathri || Ponkala festival || Makam festival || Kumbha Bharani and Meena Bharani || Sree Rama Jayanthi || Other festival days  
  Special Rites  
  Anunja || Suddhi and Viseshal suddhi || Dravya kalasa and Ashtabandha kalasa || Naveekarana kalasa  
  Expiatory Rites (Praayaschittham)  
  Asuddhi and Nimitthams || Article used for temple rites  
       
 

Priesthood and Temple Administration

 
  Background || Priesthood class of kerala || Classification of Priesthood class || Thanthris or high priests || Saanthikkars || Mel saanthi || Keezh saanthis || Kazhakakkars ||

Drawbacks and some suggestions

Thanthris || Saanthikkars || Kazhakakkars ||

Temple administration

Staff pattern || Financial aspects
 
       
 

Temple Customs and Offerings

 
  Sacred Trees and Plants  
  Arayal || Peraal || Koovalam || Thulasi  
  Pradakshina (devotional round)  
  Concept || Procedure and significance || Futurity value || Time of Pradakshina || Number of Pradakshinas || Procedure of pradakshina  
  Offerings or Vazhipaats  
 

Classification of Vazhipaats || Vazhipaats offered to all devotees || Special offerings to specified deities || Purpose of Vazhipaat ||

Peculiar Vazhipaats of renowned temples

 
 

Thiruvananthapuram District || Kollam District || Pathanamthitta District || Alappuzha District || Kottayam District || Idukki District || Ernakulam District || Thrissur District || Palakkad District || Malappuram District || Kozhikode District || Wayanad District || Kannur District || Kasargod District

 
  Coverage of Temples || Maths and Aasramams  
       
 

Ritualistic and Performing Arts

 
  Musical Instruments  
  Itayka || Valiya paani || Thimila || Veekkan || Chenta || Veeranam || Thavil || Thoppi maddalam || Suddha maddalam || Mizhaavu || Kitu piti || Chengala || IIathaalam || Kuzhitthaalam || Sankh || Kurumkuzhal || Komb || Naagaswaram (Naadaswaram) || Nanthuni || Pulluva veena || Mula vill  
  Ritualistic Arts  
  Sopaana Sangeetha || Pancha vaadya || Panchaari mela || Paandi mela || Thaayambaka || Komb paatt and Kuzhal paatt || Kalamezhutthu or Floor art  
  Performing Arts  
  Kooth || Chakkiar Kootthu || Prabandha kootth || Kootiyaattam || Krishnanaattam || Kathakali || Thullal || Yakshagaana || Theyyam || Thookkam || Kutthiyottam || Sarpam thullal || Patayani || Thiyyatt || Poothan and Thira || Mutiyett || Velakali  
     
 

Carvings and Paintings

 
  Wood Carvings || Stone Carvings || Mural Paintings  

Famous Temples in Kerala

Kerala Temples Sorted as per Dieties

ayyappa temples in kerala

Ayyappa Temples in Kerala

narasimha temples in kerala

Narasimha Temples in Kerala

bhagavathi temples in kerala

Bhagavathy Temples in Kerala

pandava temples in kerala

Pandavas Temples in Kerala

dhanwanthari temples in kerala

Dhanwanthari Temples in Kerala

siva temples in kerala

Siva Temples in Kerala

hanuman temples in kerala

Hanuman Temples in Kerala

sree rama temples in kerala

Sree Rama Temples in Kerala

lakshmana temples in kerala

Lakshmana Temples in Kerala

ganapathi temples in kerala

Vinayaka Temples / Ganapathi Temples in Kerala

mariyamman temples in kerala

Mariyamman Temples in Kerala

vishnu temples in kerala

Vishnu Temples in Kerala

muruga temples in kerala

Muruga Temples in Kerala

vishnu maya temples in kerala

Vishnu Maya Temples in Kerala

naga temples in kerala

Naga Temples in Kerala

other temples in kerala

Other's Temples in Kerala

Alphabetical Listing of Temples in Kerala

  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  
 

Sabarimala the abode of Lord Ayyappa - By Acarya Hariswami [Sri Brahmavidya Gurukulam]

  The importance of Black Dhoti and Mala for Sabarimala Pilgrims The Ayyappa and the Dharmasasta  
  The Irumutikkettu and the Pallikkettu What is Swami and Sarana  
  Ayyappa's Neyyabhishekam The fourty one days and the month of Vruscika  
  The Pond of Fire and the Splitting of Coconut at Sabarimala The knowledge of the Divine Truth of 18 Steps  
  The Background of the Brotherhood at Sabarimala The Pumkavanam and the Pampatirtham  
  The Secrets of Subtlety of Ayyappa Sabarimala and the Sabaripitham  
  The Spiritual Harmony of the History of Sabarimala The Cinmudra and the Yogapatta  
  The Necessity of the Nectar and the Form of Ardent Desire The Brahmacharya of Sri Ayyappa  
  Amrutamathanam is the symbol of Karmas The Meaning of Hariharatmakatwa  
  Mohini The Attractive Figure of Time An Interpretation of Tatwamasi  
  Ayyappa the symbol of matter and reason of the universe The Vision of Makarajyothi